Ephesus (Efes)

This ancient city is home to an incredible number of ruins in varying states. The site is best explored with a guide who can help shed light on the function and significance of the various structures. Guided tours of the site depart from Istanbul, Izmir, Bodrum, Selçuk, and Kuşadasi.

Travelers who want to avoid the stress of making travel arrangements to Ephesus can take tours from Istanbul, which typically include air transport from Istanbul to Izmir, and ground transfers from Izmir to Ephesus. Many tours combine a visit to Ephesus with a trip to the Virgin Mary's House (Meryemana), a former house turned shrine where it is believed the Virgin Mary spent her last days.

• Ephesus is a must for history and archaeology buffs.

• Bring a hat, sunscreen, and ample water as there is little shade at the site.

• Much of Ephesus has uneven, stone surfaces that can make wheelchair access difficult. It is possible to enter the site via the lower gate and to see some of the ruins, including the Library of Celsus.

Ephesus is situated in Selçuk in the Izmir province of Turkey (officially the Republic of Türkiye), about 46 miles (75 kilometers) south of the city of Izmir. Several airlines, including Turkish Airlines, Onur Air, AtlasGlobal, and Pegasus, operate direct flights between Istanbul and Izmir. Izmir is about an hour’s drive from Ephesus. The easiest way to get there is by guided tour.

The best time of the year to visit Ephesus is during April, May, October, and November when the milder temperatures are ideal for exploring. The heat and crowds can be intense in July and August, especially in the middle of the day, so try coming in early morning or late afternoon.

Perhaps the most emblematic and oft-photographed ruin in Ephesus is the Library of Celsus. Built between AD 110 and AD 135, the library was originally three stories tall. Much of the structure was destroyed during a 10th-century earthquake, though the spectacular facade has been reconstructed. Though the Temple of Artemis is probably Ephesus’ most fabled structure—this colossal marble construction is said to have been more than four times the size of the Parthenon—only a lone column remains standing.

The most popular option is a guided tour, taking you through the well-preserved structures and monuments with a knowledgeable guide. If you prefer to explore at your own pace, self-guided tours are also an option and provide the flexibility to take your time as you explore each site.

It ultimately depends on your preference and travel style. There are certainly benefits to having a guide, but it is not compulsory to visit Ephesus on a guided tour. A guide can provide valuable context and insights you might not get as you navigate the often-crowded site.

The best time to visit Ephesus is in spring and autumn when the temperature is more moderate, and the crowds are lower. During the peak summer months, the temperature can climb up to 80°F (26°C), and the city can get overcrowded with tourists, making it harder to fully enjoy your trip.

Wear comfortable shoes as the site is quite expansive and requires a lot of walking to get around. Second, bring sunscreen and a hat, as little shade is available, especially in summer. Finally, consider purchasing the Aegean Museum Pass, which includes Ephesus and other museums in the same ticket.

While there is no official dress code enforced by authorities, it is important to dress respectfully when visiting any historical or religious sites. It is also important to remember that Ephesus can get quite hot in the summer months, so bring a hat and sunglasses to protect yourself.

Most travelers can cover the must-see sights of Ephesus in a couple of days. This will provide enough time to explore the ancient city ruins and allow time to visit the Ephesus Museum and other nearby sights that many travelers easily miss.